“子鱼论战”翻译答案及原文探析

第一段：引言

在中国古代，作为儒家经典之一的《孟子》中，有一则“子鱼论战”的故事，成为了著名的思辨典范。在这个故事中，孟子的一个弟子子鱼与墨子的弟子墨辩展开了一场关于人性本善还是本恶的讨论，相互给出了自己的理由和证据。

第二段：子鱼与墨辩对话的原文及翻译

子鱼曰：“闻诸夫子：‘为人臣者，谁其众庶也？为人君者，谁其众臣也？’夫子曰：‘其为公也，如子之视首足。’子鱼曰：‘然则足犹父母，而决疑于头也乎？’”

Sub-Yu said: \"I heard from you, the Master: 'Who is the subject of the people? Who is the subject of the subjects?' The teacher said: 'As the public, look at the head and feet of the child.' Sub-Yu said: 'Then the foot is still a parent, and the doubt is in the head?'\"

墨辩曰：“人之所以异于禽兽者何？且從蚕蛾言之，既脱於蚊蠖之变，复不能说缢绎之苦；從草木言之，直木犹挺拔，曲木犹伸缩；人之所以异于禽兽者，以其有耳目聪明、心灵知己、口辩利辟也。及其生也，与禽兽无异，其所以为人者，哺育之恩也。夫哺育者，足与头也；而足之所以不及头者，缘其迩也。譬之使人一足一头，倘使去其一，则不能行不能思，百无一用。与其去足就头，不若截其身；与其去头就足，不若舍之于渊。”

Mo Bian said: \"Why is a man different from a beast? Speaking from the silkworm, after escaping from the mosquito's metamorphosis, he cannot describe the pain of strangulation; speaking of plants, straight trees are still upright, and curved trees are still stretched and shrunk. The reason why humans are different from animals is because of their ears and eyes, their minds and their tongues. When they are born, they are no different from animals. The reason why they are human beings is the grace of nurturing. The one who nurtures, is the foot and the head; and the reason why the foot is inferior to the head is because it is close. For example, if a person has one foot and one head, if one is removed, he cannot walk or think, and is useless. Instead of removing the foot for the sake of the head, it is better to cut off the body; and instead of removing the head for the sake of the foot, it is better to discard it in the abyss.\"

第三段：子鱼论战的意义

通过子鱼与墨辩的辩论，我们可以看到两人在对待人性本质问题上的不同看法。孟子通过子鱼之口表达了自己的思考，认为人性本善，并利用了“足犹父母”来论证人性中的善意。而墨子则认为人性本恶，但人之所以能做到比禽兽更优秀，是通过教育和人类社会的进化而来，告诫人们要珍视人类的教育与文化。

因此，“子鱼论战”是一种传统文化中思辨、探讨的典型。对于我们现代人来说，这个故事不仅是历史上的知识，更是我们思考人性的一个启示。这也远远超出了故事本身的限制，而是教育我们处理任何问题的方法。